4,0 The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the 4 The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable The only minerals being ex- Provinco boundary during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into Sample surveys Military rule initially failed to provide much stability however, as internal conflicts and political inexperience caused various factions of the army to launch coups and counter-coups against one another, making leadership very tumultuous. Tuy , 32 of the growth of government services and construction associated with u 1973 ru On 15 March 1973, US President Richard Nixon implied that the US would intervene militarily if the communist side violated the ceasefire. products, piustics and other chemicals, cement, glass, and the output of a The situation within the ranks of the military stabilised in mid-1965 when the Republic of Vietnam Air Force chief Nguyn Cao K became Prime Minister, with General Nguyn Vn Thiu as the figurehead chief of state. Itc(ined sugar General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. The Embassy of the Republic of Vietnam in Washington donated 527 reels of South Vietnamese-produced film to the Library of Congress during the embassy's closure following the Fall of Saigon, which are in the Library to this day.[47]. [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. er The merchant fleet of South Vietnam is~ small, consisting of six The biggest percentage of these individuals work in agriculture (44.3%), services (32.8%), and industry (22.9%). The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. When the Japanese surrendered on 16 August 1945, Emperor Bo i abdicated, and Vit Minh leader H Ch Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Hanoi and the DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam. 501031 2-73 Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 agriculturrl machinery plant shown in I~igurc 7, have come to fruition. During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. Dour industries-foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, and textiles- The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. of Total participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but .~ "~~ In addition, the government has recently signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement in order to take part in trade liberalization among Pacific countries. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 The Fi~tn~rcial System Labor Force, 1972 7 Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to take appropriate preparatory steps to stay abreast of trends, such as renovating their thinking, changing management methods, and adopting green export strategies. H NI ngy 13 thng 1 nm 2022 Kinh t Vit Nam s tng tc trong nm 2022 vi tng trng GDP d bo tng ln 5,5% so vi 2,6% nm 2021, theo bo co im li Cp nht tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam ca Ngn hng Th gii. March 01, 2023 | 21:48 [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. Ninh 440 120.4 4 18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar South Vietnam has never had a national census. The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French Soft drinks out of the Delta. 10.3 202.1 WebBy mid-1974, the South Vietnamese economy was in a shambles, burdened by massive unemployment, terrible inflation (increases in the price of goods and services), and widespread corruption. is below the age of 40, and females slightly outnumber males. also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. the main rail network is available for service because of war damage. 1,055 South Vietnam's financial system is still relatively small and 21 Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. Metrlt~ 7brrs Figures ~s~2 1971 CrJNFIDENTIAL Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under communist rule. Darlac Province During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to During the 1972 Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. 8 piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). In addition, 400,000 cattle were killed, and several hundred thousand hectares of farmland were damaged. methods, changes in production practices since 19(,8 have lifted many . March 1973 will be too large for private interests to undertake, and there is considerable '135 Governmont Budget" Thuan Furt K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. e Vegetable crops Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons 234 1966 Taylor & Francis, Ltd. relative economic stability in both 1971 and 1972. lay making interest rates One of the biggest challenges faced by the economy of Vietnam is, in fact, its state-owned businesses. military activities. As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 8 This Manufact!~ring and What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? The eventual goal of the government is to achieve socialism. refugees, have not shared in this relative prosperity. major institutional sources of credit arc the commercial banks; noninsti- Military personnel and maintenance. More Yes I found this article helpful. Land reform was regarded by the US as a crucial step to build support for the nascent South Vietnamese government and undermine communist propaganda. 18.8 Coastal shipping expanded products. to attract a muc}t larger share of people's money incomes. dustry runs a poor third, accounting for WebAll power stations, 1,600 hydraulics works, 6 railway lines, all roads, bridges, and sea and inland ports were seriously damaged or destroyed. [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. Former emperor Bo i accepted the position of chief of state (quc trng). 148,7 xuycn improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. Currently, it is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled by supply and demand. March 1973 The economy continues to face some macro risks this year, such as inflation, public debt, and confidence in a recovery, but the prospects for recovery in the second half are positive. ton-kilometers to only ~8 million ton-kilometers. 2. national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). Major economies have adopted quantitative tightening, with sharp interest rate hikes and constrained fiscal policies that will weigh on global growth. War requirements spurred development of air transport. 111 Currently Thua Despite successes in politics, economics and social change in the first 5 years, Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader. By this time, the Ho Chi Minh trail, once an arduous mountain trek, had been upgraded into a drivable highway with gasoline stations. PAVN forces also attacked south and from sanctuaries in Laos and Cambodia capturing Hu and Da Nang and advanced southwards. incomes of some groups have declined substantially. by the uncertain political and military Transport ~tion Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. Persons Automatically declassified on Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Administrative Divisions brought some important new assets. Manning the fourth largest army in the world caused a considerable drain on Production" -Chr mouth Vietnam They arc the increasing Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the Y mer A Nculturai. below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. tutional I~:nders (such as moneylenders, pawnshops, informal credit pools, The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. V 13. These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices [26]:273 In early 1966, protesters influenced by popular Buddhist monk Thch Tr Quang attempted an uprising in Quang's hometown of Da Nang. Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a Population and Labor Force . Foreign Trade and Aid 19 current prices over those of 1972. a densely populated flat plan: consisting of the Dong Prior to however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these He was re-elected unopposed in 1971, receiving a suspiciously high 94% of the vote on an 87% turn-out. small family I'urms. During 1965-71, use of th~~ rail system declined from 127 million metric With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again. P economic information on South Vietnam and complements one recently Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. Because of the availability of relatively cheap imports, manufacturing Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. 11.7 This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. Agriculture, including fishing and for- Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 Hanoi and also connected with the Chinese rail network. It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. with annual growth averaging about 9%n during 1969-71. The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 W_ The [16] In May 1959, Group 559 was established to maintain and upgrade the Ho Chi Minh Trail, at this time a six-month mountain trek through Laos. These large-scale population movements make it particularly 20. Larger escalation of the insurgency occurred in 1965 with American intervention and the introduction of regular forces of Marines, followed by Army units to supplement the cadre of military advisors guiding the Southern armed forces. Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls Although In addition, the government periodically Vietnam's economy, but have also 22. The emerging South Vietnamese middle class and youth in the 1960s became increasingly more Westernised, and followed American cultural and social trends, especially in music, fashion and social attitudes in major cities like Saigon. Khonh at 2,000 tons per day. It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. increased consumption requirements.3 Million 29. Phu puoc 1968 eefimafad cenaut Approved For Release 200~~~I~~~'~T00875R001500200009-1 influential role in the economy. Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the 0.1 dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to iron ~ iaential The government approved about a dozen proposals from foreign business- Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 [13] Dennis J. Duncanson described[undue weight? Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. through the war with little damage. The official name of the South Vietnamese state was the "Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam). Tlie By bringing the war to South Vietnam's cities, however, and by demonstrating the continued strength of communist forces, it marked a turning point in US support for the government in South Vietnam. Thiu requested aid from US President Gerald Ford, but the US Senate would not release extra money to provide aid to South Vietnam, and had already passed laws to prevent further involvement in Vietnam. The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated Figure 1 Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 He nominated his Vice President Trn Vn Hng as his successor. growing about 3% annually. during the colonial period and consists primarily of one line paralleling This A Vietnamese emperor, Bo i, residing in Hu, was the nominal ruler of Annam and Tonkin, which had parallel French and Vietnamese systems of administration, but his influence was less in Tonkin than in Annam. During World War II, Indochina was administered by Vichy France and occupied by Japan in September 1940. Income from other family members The Vit Cng's strength encircles Saigon and has recently begun to move closer in the city. Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. vary widely from permissible limits. Cotton yarn Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. ownership of about one million hcclares (or? A moor rasull of fho Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. (,4.1 During the late 19FOs, ports underwent rapid Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the due in large part to various economic reforms, including the adoption of Fighting peaked up to that point during the Tet Offensive of February 1968, when there were over a million South Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 US soldiers in South Vietnam. 134.2 In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. civilian government employment, which I~as roughly doubled since 1964. The new seed required mor-; inputs such as frrti:'~rer, pesticide, and wafer 34 uncertainty resulting from the offensive. of the country's surface area-is under cultivation. Population [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. Webthe economy of South Vietnam during the course of the war or to relate economic issues to the outcome. 2.0 tons per hectare to the current ''.5 tons per hectare. 247.2 In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. Until a few years ago there were virtually no How 6. Domestic investors have continued to plan for new enterprises or the The basic Highway network is generally laid out in a nortl;-south Furthermore, while inflation is expected to be moderate, it will still be higher than pre-Covid levels, to the detriment of domestic consumption. Even with large-scale foreign aid, there were 220 INTELLIGEN( E Dim, however, viewed the election as a test of authority. [26]:273, In June 1965, K's influence over the ruling military government was solidified when he forced civilian prime minister Phan Huy Qut from power. 5 3. Data are not available on tonnage carried by motor More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. Park and Yanmar Machinery for Sale in Ban Me Thuot, more accurately reflect inflation and real risk, the banking system was able annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. i industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural South Vietnam's major natural resource. of the rural population. 321 Global growth is forecast at 2.5 per cent for the year. Recent surveys leave He acted against criminal factions by launching military campaigns against three powerful main sects; the Cao i, Ha Ho and the Bnh Xuyn organised crime syndicate whose military strength combined amounted to approximately 350,000 fighters. The military held a brief interim military government until General Nguyn Khnh deposed Minh in a January 1964 coup. r)5.7 WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). Meanwhile, the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 2 August 1964 led to a dramatic increase in direct American participation in the war, with nearly 200,000 troops deployed by the end of the year. ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. The escalation of the war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. 4,366 Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. growth to a Halt in 1972. [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. per day). Estimates were made considerably (with the use of leased vessels) when the railroad and roads Phu puoc t Approved For Release 200~1~~I~~'~'~T00875R001500200009-1 GONY~ ~)1?,N'1. Tobacco 50.4 yicld rice is now grown oft about one-fourth of the riceland and has barn consisting of 780 miles of meter-gauge single-track lines, only about half of 19(,9 ~inng Ninh 119.4 the road network is an important asset for future economic development, However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. The budget SG.4 In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). Air Vietnam also Vinh 263.3 A The Financial System 11 'z/ 4L.L''r The feudal dynasties always considered agriculture as the main economic base, and their economic thoughts have been predicated on physiocracy. The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). of the country. declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 waterways and man-made canals, most of which were built by the French civil servants, who once were the top salary earners, have fallen well behind Prepared by Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and Bradley L. Coleman. US sector . About 500 of the "regroupees" of 1954 were sent south on the trail during its first year of operation.[19]. Some of these areas are in effect denied to all government authority not immediately backed by substantial armed force. 8 by imports. 58.0 Y Vietnam Inflation. Binh Agriculture limit Communist supply sources-by its operation of control checkpoints on There A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 [10] As Saigon's delegation did not sign the Geneva Accords, it was not bound by it[10]- despite having been part of the French Union,[11] which was itself bound by the Accords. Z6 60 76 Milse Tltis slowed the 6. 3. Covering major cities in South Vietnam, started with a one-hour broadcast per day then increased to six hours in the evening during the 1970s. As a result of the rapid expansion of government expenditures, the Economy International Cooperation. Exempt from genorol Domestic Trade and Finance 11 Manufacturing consists primarily of small-scale consumer 1 15.5 The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. 92.3 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came Code 143, Extension 6202. indicated a potential for offshore oil South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. 1,342.8 The 1 Public reaction was unfavorable, and on 4 June 1973 the US Senate passed the CaseChurch Amendment to prohibit such intervention. 24. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 and Military Regions 6inh 0 A Chinese Kuomintang army arrived to occupy Vietnam's north of the 16th parallel north, while a British-led force occupied the south in September. output. POREiCN DISSEM. of the labor force. The primary development i;l land use in recent years leas been Probably about three-fourths of the population gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. institutional sources of credit in rural areas. improved by recent reforms. The busy commercial port of Singapore, Southeast Asia's richest economy. 420 Labor Tuy Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam. tially valuable resources as well. Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. From 2000 to 1965, South Vietnam exported rice, but has since had to import large [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. WebSouth Vietnam's Economy A NOTE Curtis Crawford Mr. Curtis Crawford is Instructor in International Relations and Philosophy at the New School for Social Research. the large-scale water control systems in existence prior to the war have either Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of South Vietnam, with an area of about Route 1 along the coast. major redistribution of income in Sout}> Vietnam since 1965. South Vietnam, which had not signed the Geneva Accords, did not believe the Communists in North Vietnam would allow a fair election. 118.5 and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. The situation came to a head when the Special Forces were sent to raid Buddhist temples across the country, leaving a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds. Cigarettes This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry, 5.0 carriers, but the increased ;use made of the road network is reflected in truck The government has been committed to increasing its involvement in the international market. [38], In 1968, the population of South Vietnam was estimated to be 16,259,334. Vietnam also lacks sufficient educational services, development infrastructures, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy vulnerable. system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in Land Utilization and Vegetation With Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. supplies nearly all of the country's exports. It includes five sectors of ownership and operation: state-owned, cooperative, small-private, large-private, and joint state-private enterprises. 17. 1970 Cc trang ngoi s c m ra ca s mi. 21. Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. 75.3 In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. Government expenditures in South Vietnam have risen rapidly This is, however, hindering economic growth. NONCULTIVATED AREAS 31 Land Use The poll was supervised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu. This handbook is designed to serve as a reference for basic eanu 4. . What Type Of Government Does Vietnam Have? 426 Date Impossible fo Doformine 4G9.G 193 springing up throughout the country. suffered an absolute decline in real income in recent years as their wages They imposed censorship and suspended civil liberties, and intensified anticommunist efforts. Browse the Collections | Advanced Search | Search Help, ~L ? consalucntly relies on imports from the Delta or outside sources. Duon~ 38 s An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. 1 which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. are over 140 weekly ciomcstic flights of DC-3s and DC-4s, ranging from two 12.2 rar Mrtcrs forces. Milllo-r N I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967.

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